تأثیر تمرینات ورزشی هوازی در طول زندگی بر حافظه و سایتوکاین IL-1beta در هیپوکامپ و پره‌فرونتال کورتکس موش‌های نر نژاد NMRI مبتلا به ترومای مغزی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: آسیب ترومای مغزی یکی از علت‌های مرگ‌ومیر و معلولیت در جهان در میان تمام آسیب‌های مرتبط با دستگاه عصبی مرکزی است. آسیب‌های تروماتیک مغزی (TBI) از مهم‌ترین علل مرگ‌ومیر در سنین زیر 40 سال است و درصد زیادی از مرگ‌های ناشی از تروما را شامل می‌شود. این آسیب به مجموعه‌ای از اتفاقات منجر می‌شود که تا حدی به ماهیت و محل آسیب بستگی دارد. ضربه به سر به‌دلیل مرگ نورون‌ها در دستگاه لیمبیک و به‌ویژه هیپوکامپ، می‌تواند موجب نقصان عملکرد حافظه و یادگیری شود. ازاین‌رو هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر تمرینات ورزشی هوازی در طول زندگی بر حافظه و سایتوکاین IL-1beta در هیپوکامپ و پره‌فرونتال کورتکس موش‌های نر نژاد NMRI مبتلا به ترومای مغزی بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: بدین‌منظور، 40 سر موش آزمایشگاهی نر نژاد NMRI با سن تقریبی 20 روز و وزن 8 تا 9 گرم از انستیتو پاستور ایران تهیه و به چهار گروه غیرورزشی +mTBI ، گروه غیرورزشی، گروه ورزشی و گروه ورزشی+mTBI تقسیم شدند. موش‌ها از 28 روزگی تا 80 روزگی به مدت 8 هفته (56 روز) به انجام ورزش هوازی پرداختند. در انتهای هفتة هشتم پس از اتمام پروتکل ورزشی، القای مدل ترومای مغزی با روش سقوط وزنه اجرا شد. ده روز پس از القای mTBI، موش‌ها مورد سنجش حافظة فضایی از طریق آزمون رفتاری ماز وای قرار گرفتند. سایتوکاینIL-1β  در هیپوکامپ و پرفرونتال کورتکس موش‌های مدل mTBI به روش الایزا بررسی شد. پس از بررسی وضعیت طبیعی داده‌ها از طریق آزمون شاپیرو-ویلک و بررسی همگنی واریانس‌ها از طریق آزمون لون، از تحلیل واریانس یکطرفه با آزمون تعقیبی توکی در سطح معناداری 05/0 ≥P و نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخة 22 استفاده شد.
نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که هشت هفته تمرینات ورزشی روی حافظة موش‌های مبتلا به ترومای مغزی تأثیر دارد (001/0=P). همچنین تمرینات هوازی روی سایتوکاین IL-1beta در هیپوکامپ موش‌های مبتلا به ترومای مغزی تأثیر دارد (03/0=P). افزون‌بر این مشاهده شد که تمرینات هوازی بر سایتوکاین IL-1beta در پره‌فرونتال کورتکس موش‌های مبتلا به ترومای مغزی تأثیر دارد (001/0=P).
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج مطلوب پژوهش احتمالاً ناشی از آثار سیستمی فعالیت ورزشی بر حفاظت عصبی و کاهش لنفوسیت‌هاست. با این حال برای بیان دقیق سازوکارهای اثربخشی به مطالعات بیشتری نیاز است. به‌نظر می‌رسد داشتن سبک زندگی فعال در طول زندگی می‌تواند به‌عنوان رویکردی مؤثر در کاهش عوارض ترومای مغزی به‌کار رود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of lifetime aerobic exercise training on memory and IL-1beta cytokine in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of NMRI mice with brain trauma

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Shokri
  • Saeed Naghibi
  • Ali Barzegari
Department of Exercise Physiology, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Purpose: Brain trauma injury is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world among all injuries related to the central nervous system. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death under the age of 40 and accounts for a significant percentage of traumatic deaths. This damage leads to a series of events that depend in part on the nature and location of the injury. Trauma to the head due to the death of neurons in the limbic system, especially the hippocampus, can impair memory and learning function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lifetime aerobic exercise training on memory and cytokine IL-1beta in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of NMRI mice with brain trauma.
Material and Methods: For this purpose, 40 male NMRI laboratory rats with an approximate age of 20 days and weighing eight to nine grams were prepared from the Pasteur Institute of Iran and divided into four groups: non- exercise + mTBI, non- exercise, exercise and exercise + mTBI.  Rats from 28 days to 80 days of age did aerobic exercise for eight weeks (56 days). At the end of the eighth week after the completion of the exercise protocol, induction of the brain trauma model by weight loss was performed. 10 days after mTBI induction, rats were assessed for spatial memory by maze Y behavioral test. The cytokine IL-1β was evaluated in the hippocampus and peripheral cortex of mTBI mice by ELISA. After checking the normality of the data by Shapiro-Wilk Test and checking the homogeneity of variances by Leven test, One-way analysis of variance was performed by Tukey post hoc test at the significance level of P ≤ 0.05, using SPSS software version 22.
Results: The results showed that aerobic exercise had an effect on the memory of mice with brain trauma (P = 0.001). Also, aerobic exercise has an effect on the cytokine IL-1beta in the hippocampus of mice with brain trauma (P = 0.03). In addition, aerobic exercise was shown to have an effect on IL-1beta cytokine in the prefrontal cortex of mice with brain trauma (P = 0.001).
Conclusion: This reduction may be due to mechanisms such as low- and high-density lipoproteins, the systemic effects of exercise on neuroprotection, and the reduction of B and T lymphocytes. However, more studies are needed to accurately express the mechanisms of effectiveness. It seems that the exercises used in this study can be used as a therapeutic approach in the treatment of injury and inflammation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aerobic exercise training
  • IL-1beta cytokine
  • Hippocampus
  • Prefrontal cortex
  • Traumatic brain injury
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