تأثیر هشت هفته تمرین هیپوکسی اینتروال بر سطح سرمی عامل نوروتروفیک مشتق از مغز زنان فعال

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف: در این تحقیق تأثیر هشت هفته تمرین هیپوکسی اینتروال )روش کنترل تنفس( بر سطح سرمی عامل نوروتروفیک مشتق
از مغز )BDNF )در زنان فعال بررسی شد.
روشها: چهارده نفر از زنان فعال بهطور تصادفی در دو گروه کنترل )هفت نفر( و تجربی )هفت نفر( قرارگرفتند. گروه کنترل به مدت
هشت هفته دویدن اینتروال را تحت شرایط عادی و گروه تجربی دویدن اینتروال را در شرایط هیپوکسی انجام دادند. نمونه خونی برای
تعیین مقدار سطوح سرمیBDNF درآغاز دوره تمرینی و 24 ساعت پس از آخرین جلسه تمرینی در هفته هشتم از هر دو گروه گرفته
شد. برای بررسی نرمال بودن توزیع دادهها از آزمون گلموگروف-اسمیرنوف و بررسی همگن بودن واریانس گروهها از آزمون لوین استفاده
شد. برای تجزیهوتحلیل اطالعات از روشهای آماری تی همبسته و مستقل در سطح معناداری )05/0≥P )استفاده شد.
نتایج: نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که سطوح سرمیBDNF پس از هشت هفته تمرین هیپوکسی اینتروال در مقایسه با تمریناینتروال افزایش
معناداری یافته است. بررسی اختالف بینگروهی نشان داد که بین پسآزمون گروه کنترل و تجربی اختالف معناداری وجود دارد
)036/0=P.)همچنیننتایج بررسیاختالف درونگروهینشان داد که بینپیشآزمون و پسآزمون گروه کنترل بعد از هشت هفته دویدن
اینتروال اختالف معناداری وجود نداشت )157/0=P،)در صورتی که در گروه تجربی این اختالف قابلمالحظه بود)011/0=P.)
نتیجهگیری: نتایج بهدست آمده از پژوهش نشان داد که انجام هشت هفته تمرین هیپوکسی اینتروال تاثیر مثبتی بر سطح سرمی
BDNF زنان فعال داشته است. در نتیجه از نظر زمان انجام تمرین بدنی، هزینه و نحوه اجرا جایگزین مناسبی برای تمرین در ارتفاع
و تمرین انسدادی میباشد. بنابراین توأم نمودن تمرینات ورزشی با هیپوکسی و بهدست آوردن نتایج مطلوب در مدت زمان کمتر
راهبرد مناسبی بهنظر میرسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of eight-week interval hypoxic training on serum level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in active women

نویسندگان [English]

  • Atefe Bagheri
  • Ali Kazemi
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Purpose: In the present study, the effect of eight weeks of interval hypoxic training (respiratory control
method) on the serum level of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in active women was envestigated.
Methods: Fourteen active women were randomly assigned to either the control (n=7) or experimental (n=7)
group. The women in the control group performed running interval training under normoxi condition and the
subjects in the experimental group performed runnig interval under hypoxic condition for eight weeks. At the
beginning of the survey and 24 hours after the last training session of the eighth week, the blood samples of
both groups were collected to determine serum Brain-derived neurotrophic factor level. KolmogorovSmirnov and Leven's test were used to determine normal distribution of data and homogeneity variation of
groups, respectively. For data analysis, statistical methods including paired and independent-samples t-test
at a significance level (p≤0.05) were used.
Results: The results showed a significant increase in serum levels of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor after
eight-week interval hypoxic training compared to the interval training. In this regard, the study of
betweengroups’differences showed that there is significant difference between post-test phase of control
and experimental groups (P≤0.036). While, the study of withingroups’ differences showed that there was no
significant difference between pre and post-test phase in control group after eight-week interval training
(P=0.157).The difference was significant in experimental group (P≤0.011).
Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest interval hypoxic training has an additive effect in the
levels of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in active women. Thus, it is a good substitution for training at
altitude and blood flow restriction training in terms of time of performing physical activity, cost and
implementation. Therefore, combining sport training with hypoxic and obtaining the desired results in shorter
time seems to be an appropriate strategy. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Interval training with free-breathing method
  • Interval hypoxic training with breath-holding method
  • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
  • Active women
1. Barde YA, Edgar D, Thoenen H. Purification of
a new neurotrophic factor from mammalian
brain. The EMBO journal. 1982;1(5):549.
2. Soppet D, Escandon E, Maragos J, Middlemas
DS, Raid SW, Blair J, Burton LE, Stanton BR,
Kaplan DR, Hunter T, Nikolics K. The
neurotrophic factors brain-derived
neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 are
ligands for the trkB tyrosine kinase receptor.
Cell. 1991;65(5):895-903.
3. Cohen S, Levi-Montalcini R, Hamburger V. A
nerve growth-stimulating factor isolated from
sarcom as 37 and 180. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences.
1954;40(10):1014-8.
4. Szatmari E, Kalita KB, Kharebava G, Hetman M.
Role of kinase suppressor of Ras-1 in neuronal
survival signaling by extracellular signalregulated kinase 1/2. The Journal of
Neuroscience. 2007;27(42):11389-400.
5. Chiaramello S, Dalmasso G, Bezin L, Marcel D,
Jourdan F, Peretto P, Fasolo A, De Marchis S.
BDNF/TrkB interaction regulates migration of
SVZ precursor cells via PI3‐K and MAP‐K
signalling pathways. European Journal of
Neuroscience. 2007;26(7):1780-90.
6. Lang UE, Hellweg R, Seifert F, Schubert F,
Gallinat J. Correlation between serum brainderived neurotrophic factor level and an in
vivo marker of cortical integrity. Biological
psychiatry. 2007;62(5):530-5.
7. Ma Y, Wang H, Wu H, Wei C, Lee E. Brainderived neurotrophic factor antisense
oligonucleotide impairs memory retention and
inhibits long-term potentiation in rats.
Neuroscience. 1997;82(4):957-67.
8. Mizuno M, Yamada K, Olariu A, Nawa H,
Nabeshima T. Involvement of brain-derived
neurotrophic factor in spatial memory
formation and maintenance in a radial arm
maze test in rats. The Journal of Neuroscience.
2000;20(18):7116-21.
9. Nakagawa T, Tsuchida A, Itakura Y, Nonomura
T, Ono M, Hirota F, Inoue T, Nakayama C, Taiji
M, Noguchi H. Brain-derived neurotrophic
factor regulates glucose metabolism by
modulating energy balance in diabetic mice.
Diabetes. 2000;49(3):436-44.
10. Lommatzsch M, Zingler D, Schuhbaeck K,
Schloetcke K, Zingler C, Schuff-Werner P,
Virchow JC. The impact of age, weight and
gender on BDNF levels in human platelets and
plasma. Neurobiology of aging.
2005;26(1):115-23.
11. Donovan MJ, Miranda RC, Kraemer R,
McCaffrey TA, Tessarollo L, Mahadeo D, Sharif
S, Kaplan DR,Tsoulfas P, Parada L, ToranAllerand CD. Neurotrophin and neurotrophin
receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells: regulation of expression in response to injury.
The American journal of pathology.
1995;147(2):309.
12. Lommatzsch M, Braun A, Mannsfeldt A,
Botchkarev VA, Botchkareva NV, Paus R,
Fischer A, Lewin GR, Renz H. Abundant
production of brain-derived neurotrophic
factor by adult visceral epithelia: implications
for paracrine and target-derived neurotrophic
functions. The American journal of pathology.
1999;155(4):1183-93.
13. Aydemir C, Yalcin ES, Aksaray S, Kisa C, Yildirim
SG, Uzbay T, et al. Brain-derived neurotrophic
factor (BDNF) changes in the serum of
depressed women. Progress in NeuroPsychopharmacology and Biological
Psychiatry. 2006;30(7):1256-60.
14. Lee BH, Kim H, Park SH, Kim YK. Decreased
plasma BDNF level in depressive patients.
Journal of affective disorders.
2007;101(1):239-44.
15. Jindal RD, Pillai AK, Mahadik SP, Eklund K,
Montrose DM, Keshavan MS. Decreased BDNF
in patients with antipsychotic naive first
episode schizophrenia. Schizophrenia
research. 2010;119(1):47-51.
16. Gold SM, Schulz KH, Hartmann S, Mladek M,
Lang UE, Hellweg R, Reer R, Braumann KM,
Heesen C. Basal serum levels and reactivity of
nerve growth factor and brain-derived
neurotrophic factor to standardized acute
exercise in multiple sclerosis and controls.
Journal of neuroimmunology. 2003;138(1):99-
105.
17. Béjot Y, Prigent-Tessier A, Cachia C, Giroud M,
Mossiat C, Bertrand N, Garnier P, Marie C.
Time-dependent contribution of non neuronal
cells to BDNF production after ischemic stroke
in rats. Neurochemistry international.
2011;58(1):102-11.
18. Tapia-Arancibia L, Rage F, Givalois L, Arancibia
S. Physiology of BDNF: focus on hypothalamic
function. Frontiers in neuroendocrinology.
2004;25(2):77-107.
19. TAGUCHI S, HATA Y, ITOH K. Enzymatic
responses and adaptations to swimming
training and hypobaric hypoxia in postnatal
rats. The Japanese journal of physiology.
1985;35(6):1023-32.
20. Samavati Sharif MA, Nikbakht HA, Nazem F,
and Farahpour N.The effects of submaximal
training in crawl swimming with controlled
breathing frequencies (hypoxia) on CPK and
LDH enzymes, Vo2max and performance of
young swimmers.Sport Biosciences
(HARAKAT).1379;8(15):55-70.
21. Katayama K, Sato K, Matsuo H, Ishida K,
Iwasaki KI, Miyamura M. Effect of intermittent
hypoxia on oxygen uptake during submaximal
exercise in endurance athletes. European
journal of applied physiology. 2004;92(1-
2):75-83.
22. Ravasi AA, Gaeini AA, JAVADI E, Elmieh A.
Effect of Internal Hypoxic Training on Maximal
Aerobic Capacity, Resting Heart Rate and
Erythropoietin.Sport Biosciences
(HARAKAT).1381;(14):39-52.
23. Schmolesky MT, Webb DL, Hansen RA. The
effects of aerobic exercise intensity and
duration on levels of brain-derived
neurotrophic factor in healthy men. J Sports
Sci Med. 2013;12(3):502-11.
24. Ke Z, Yip SP, Li L, Zheng XX, Tong KY. The effects
of voluntary, involuntary, and forced exercises
on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and motor function recovery: a rat brain ischemia
model. PloS one. 2011;6(2):e16643.
25. Jiang Y, Wei N, Lu T, Zhu J, Xu G, Liu X.
Intranasal brain-derived neurotrophic factor
protects brain from ischemic insult via
modulating local inflammation in rats.
Neuroscience. 2011;172:398-405.
26. Farrell PA, Joyner MJ, Caiozzo V, American
College of Sports Medicine. advanced exercise
physiology. ACSM. 2012. P.117-151
27. Tang SW, Chu E, Hui T, Helmeste D, Law C.
Influence of exercise on serum brain-derived
neurotrophic factor concentrations in healthy
human subjects. Neuroscience letters.
2008;431(1):62-5.
28. de Melo Coelho FG, Gobbi S, Andreatto CA,
Corazza DI, Pedroso RV, Santos-Galduróz RF.
Physical exercise modulates peripheral levels
of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF): a
systematic review of experimental studies in
the elderly. Archives of gerontology and
geriatrics. 2013;56(1):10-5.
29. Mounier R, Pialoux V, Roels B, Thomas C, Millet
G, Mercier J, Coudert J, Fellmann N, Clottes E.
Effect of intermittent hypoxic training on HIF
gene expression in human skeletal muscle and
leukocytes. European journal of applied
physiology. 2009;105(4):515-24.
30. Sinex JA, Chapman RF. Hypoxic training
methods for improving endurance exercise
performance. Journal of Sport and Health
Science. 2015;4(4):325-32.
31. Álvarez-Herms J, Julià-Sánchez S, Hamlin MJ,
Corbi F, Pagès T, Viscor G. Popularity of
hypoxic training methods for endurancebased professional and amateur athletes.
Physiology & behavior. 2015;143:35-38.
32. Pialoux V, Brugniaux JV, Fellmann N, Richalet
JP, Robach P, Schmitt L, Coudert J, Mounier R.
Oxidative stress and HIF-1α modulate hypoxic
ventilatory responses after hypoxic training on
athletes. Respiratory physiology &
neurobiology. 2009;167(2):217-20.
33. Holliss BA, Fulford J, Vanhatalo A, Pedlar CR,
Jones AM. Influence of intermittent hypoxic
training on muscle energetics and exercise
tolerance. Journal of Applied Physiology.
2013;114(5):611-9.
34. Cezar MA, De Sá CA, Corralo VD, Copatti SL,
Santos GA, Grigoletto ME. Effects of exercise
training with blood flow restriction on blood
pressure in medicated hypertensive patients.
Motriz: Revista de Educação Física.
2016;22(2):9-17.
35. Schmidt-Kastner R, Truettner J, Lin B, Zhao W,
Saul I, Busto R, Ginsberg MD. Transient
changes of brain-derived neurotrophic factor
(BDNF) mRNA expression in hippocampus
during moderate ischemia induced by chronic
bilateral common carotid artery occlusions in
the rat. Molecular brain research.
2001;92(1):157-66.
36. Kim MW, Bang MS, Han TR, Ko YJ, Yoon BW,
Kim JH, Kang LM, Lee KM, Kim MH. Exercise
increased BDNF and trkB in the contralateral
hemisphere of the ischemic rat brain. Brain
research. 2005;1052(1):16-21.
37. Ravasi AA, Pournemati P, Kordi MR, Hedayati
M. The effects of resistance and endurance
training on BDNF and cortisol levels in young
male rats.Sport Biosciences
(HARAKAT).1392;1(16): 49-79.
38. Hosseini SE, Mojtahedi S, Kordi MR, Shabkhiz
F, Fallah Omran S. Effect of short term and
light forced treadmill running on BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus of adult wistar male
rats. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences.
1391;19(101):61-7.
39. Winter B, Breitenstein C, Mooren FC, Voelker
K, Fobker M, Lechtermann A, Krueger K,
Fromme A, Korsukewitz C, Floel A, Knecht S.
High impact running improves learning.
Neurobiology of learning and memory.
2007;87(4):597-609.
40. Soya H, Nakamura T, Deocaris CC, Kimpara A,
Iimura M, Fujikawa T, Chang H, McEwen BS,
Nishijima T. BDNF induction with mild exercise
in the rat hippocampus. Biochemical and
biophysical research communications.
2007;358(4):961-7.
  • تاریخ دریافت: 24 مهر 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 27 بهمن 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 07 اسفند 1396
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 بهمن 1397
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 بهمن 1397